Kouamé Hubert Yao
1*, Moctar Touré
2,3, Noel Coulibaly
4, Sery Patrick Diopoh
1, Serge Didier Konan
1, Yvon Kouassi
2,3, Innocent Adoubi
2,31 Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine,
2 Department of Oncology,
3 National Cancer Registry of Abidjan
4 Department of Urology, Teaching Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Abstract
Background: Renal failure (RF) is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in cancer patients.
Objectives: To describe the profile of cancer patients with RF.
Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of RF in patients enrolled in
the national cancer registry of Abidjan, during the period from January 2012 to December
2015. The diagnosis of RF was confirmed based on a measured glomerular filtration rate
(GFR) < 60 mL/min obtained using the Modification in Diet of Renal Disease (MDRD)
formula. A comparison of patients with (n = 131) or without (n = 136) RF, followed by a
logistic regression analysis, made it possible to identify the risk factors for RF.
Results: The mean age was 54 ± 13.9 years in the group with RF versus 49 ± 14.8 years
in the group without RF (P = 0.003). The etiologies of RF were urinary tract obstruction
(41.2%), administration of platinum salts (19.8%) and water losses (12.2%). In multivariate
analysis, age (P = 0.009), presence of hypertension (P = 0.02), uterine cancer (P = 0.0001)
and prostate cancer (P = 0.014) were associated with the risk of RF in cancer patients.
Factors such as male gender (P = 0.007), HIV infection (P = 0.021), GFR<15 mL/min
(P = 0.002), and hemoglobin level <8 g/dL (P = 0.041) were associated with mortality in
cancer patients with RF.
Conclusions: Late diagnosis leads to renal complications with an increased risk of mortality.
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:
In our study, patients with renal failure (RF) were elder than those without RF. The main causes of RF were urinary tract obstruction, drugs and water losses. In multivariate analysis, age, hypertension, uterine cancers and prostate cancers were related to increase risk of kidney failure in cancer patients. In-hospital mortality was higher in the group with RF. In multivariate analysis, factors such as male gender, HIV infection, glomerular filtration rate (GFR)<15 mL/min, and hemoglobin <8 g/dL were associated with mortality in cancer patients with RF. In our context, late diagnosis leads to renal complications with an increased risk of mortality. It is essential to prevent it through early diagnosis and management.
Please cite this paper as: Yao KH, Touré M, Coulibaly N, Diopoh SP, Konan SD, Kouassi Y, et al. Renal failure in cancer patients: results from the national cancer registry of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. J Nephropathol. 2017;6(4):309-316. DOI: 10.15171/jnp.2017.50.