Sam Mirfendereski
1 
, Mahboobe Taghipour
2 , Farshad Yadollahi
3 , Hadi Taghavinejad
4* , Mahdieh Ahmadnia
4 1 Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
3 Departments of Medicine, Medical School, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
4 Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
Abstract
Contrast-related acute renal failure is a multifactorial condition that involves oxidative stress, inflammation, and direct tubular toxicity. Risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy comprise pre-existing kidney dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, advanced age, congestive heart failure, hypotension, anemia, and volume depletion. Preventive measures include identifying high-risk patients and implementing preventive measures such as adequate hydration, minimizing contrast use, and avoiding using contrast media in patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction. The systemic inflammation score is a promising tool for predicting contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced imaging procedures. Further studies are needed to validate the use of SIS in clinical practice and to better understand the underlying mechanisms of inflammation in (CA-AKI).
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:
Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is a specific form of acute kidney injury caused by the administration of contrast agents during medical imaging procedures. The morphologic lesions associated with CA-AKI are characterized by tubular injury, interstitial inflammation, and vascular damage. The severity of these lesions is correlated with the degree of renal dysfunction. While CA-AKI shares similarities with other types of acute kidney injury regarding symptoms and treatments, its unique association with contrast agents sets it apart regarding cause, risk factors, and prevention strategies.
Please cite this paper as: Mirfendereski S, Taghipour M, Yadollahi F, Taghavinejad H, Ahmadnia M. Application of systemic inflammation score for the assessment of contrast-induced acute kidney injury; a review. J Nephropathol. 2024;13(1):e21525. DOI: 10.34172/jnp.2023.21525.