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J Nephropathol. 2024;13(2): e21539.
doi: 10.34172/jnp.2024.21539

Scopus ID: 85188320057
  Abstract View: 482
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Meta-analysis

Association between calcium intake and prostate neoplasm; a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shahin Asgari Savadjani 1 ORCID logo, Farshad Yadollahi 2 ORCID logo, Ahmadreza Maghsoudi 3* ORCID logo

1 Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
3 Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Ahmadreza Maghsoudi, Email: ahmaghsoudi@med.mui.ac.ir, Email: dr_maghsoudi_md@yahoo.com

Abstract

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death, and the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of calcium use on the risk of prostate cancer.

Materials and Methods: The current systematic review and meta-analysis used the PRISMA checklist. The search was conducted using databases, including Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar Search Engine, without a time limit until November 22, 2023. The obtained data was analyzed using STATA 14 software.

Results: The results obtained from combining 28 observational studies and clinical trials indicated that calcium increased the risk of prostate cancer (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.13). On the other hand, cohort (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.13), cross-control (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.14), cross-sectional (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.29), and randomized controlled trial (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.39) studies indicated a relationship between calcium use and risk of prostate malignancy. Furthermore, calcium increased the risk of prostate cancer in the age group 50 to 59 years (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.24), however no considerable association was noticed between calcium administration and prostate cancer in the age group 60 to 69 years (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.13). The risk of prostate cancer in individuals who used less than 1300 mg calcium per day, those who used 1300 – 2000 mg/d, and those who taken more than 2000 mg calcium per day were (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1, 1.09), (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.26), and (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.48), respectively.

Conclusion: Generally, calcium administration increases the risk of prostate cancer in men by 10%, and the risk is enhanced with the increase in dosage of calcium.

Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (ID=CRD42023489091) and Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1787) website.


Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:

Our meta-analysis revealed that calcium intake through diet increased the risk of prostate carcinoma in men by 10%, and higher doses of calcium increased the risk of prostate neoplasm. The risk of prostate cancer in individuals who used less than 1300 mg calcium per day, those who used 1300–2000 mg/d, and those who used more than 2000 mg calcium per day were 4%, 17%, and 29%, respectively.

Please cite this paper as: Asgari Savadjani S, Yadollahi F, Maghsoudi A. Association between calcium intake and prostate neoplasm; a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nephropathol. 2024;13(2):e21539. DOI: 10.34172/jnp.2024.21539.

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Submitted: 24 Dec 2023
Accepted: 04 Mar 2024
ePublished: 09 Mar 2024
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