Ali Thoulfikar A. Imeer
1* 
, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum
1 , Qais R. Lahhob
2 , Hussein Ali Al-Bahrani
3 , Maytham Ahmed AbdulAemah
4 , Omer Mansib Kassid
5 1 College of Medicine, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
2 College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
3 Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala Iraq
4 College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Hillah, 51001, Iraq
5 College of Medicine, University of Misan, 62001 Misan, Iraq
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can lead to various paraneoplastic syndromes, both endocrine and non-endocrine. Endocrine manifestations include hypercalcemia, hypertension, polycythemia, galactorrhea, Cushing’s syndrome, and alterations in glucose metabolism. These syndromes are not necessarily indicative of metastatic disease or poor prognosis but can present as paraneoplastic manifestations of primary or recurrent RCC. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, as they may be the initial signs of the disease.
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:
Kidney cancers can lead to endocrine manifestations such as paraneoplastic syndromes. These syndromes include hypercalcemia, erythrocytosis, hypertension, and Cushing’s syndrome.
Please cite this paper as: A. Imeer AT, Kadhum AAH, Lahhob QR, Al-Bahrani HA, AbdulAemah MA, Kassid MO. Endocrine manifestations of renal tumors; current knowledge. J Nephropathol. 2025;14(3):e27588. DOI: 10.34172/jnp.2025.27588.