Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Journal of Nephropathology 2251-8363 13 3 2024 05 25 Rectal perforation as a complication of cystolitholapaxy; a case report e10842 e10842 10.34172/jnp.2022.10842 EN Telma Zahirian Moghadam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1290-4202 Hamed Mohseni Rad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3605-1489 Journal Article 10.34172/jnp.2022.10842 2020 09 08 2020 10 02 Endoscopic procedures in urology are safe although simple and impossible. We report a rare catastrophic complication of cystolitholapaxy in a patient with severe urethral stenosis. Despite laparotomy one day after cystolitholapaxy because of peritonitis and loop colostomy, the patient died. Hence, the principles of prevention and extra-care and time especially in the abnormal urethra are emphasized.