Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Journal of Nephropathology 2251-8363 15 2 2026 03 10 A rare case of adenovirus infection in post renal transplant patient e17226 e17226 10.34172/jnp.2022.17226 EN Gittwa Vatsaraj Kottangal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5141-003X Seethalekshmy Vijayan Nalumakkal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2393-9013 Smitha Nalumakkal Vijayan Journal Article 10.34172/jnp.2022.17226 2021 05 16 2021 10 27 Human adenovirus is a linear, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that can cause opportunistic infections. Typically, adenovirus infections result in self-limiting respiratory, gastrointestinal or ocular infections. However, it can cause severe disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients, especially in post-transplant recipients. In kidney transplant recipients, adenovirus infections have an incidence of up to 4.1%, usually manifested as hemorrhagic cystitis and tubulointerstitial nephritis, in the first three months post-transplant. Renal biopsy shows necrotizing granulomatous interstitial nephritis and other features consistent with the viral infection. Investigations like immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) help in confirmation of the diagnosis. Resolution of the disease with the reduction in immunotherapy alone supports the role of immunosuppression as a risk factor for adenovirus infection.