Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Journal of Nephropathology 2251-8363 6 4 2017 10 01 Gender differences in response to vitamin E and C in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats 338 345 10.15171/jnp.2017.54 EN Tahereh Safari Saideh Miri Omid Ghofran Fatemeh Fereidooni Abbass Ali Niazi Hossein Bagheri Mehdi Nematbakhsh Journal Article 10.15171/jnp.2017.54 2017 03 11 2017 08 03 Background: Nephrotoxicity is the most recognized side effect of gentamicin. Vitamin E and vitamin C demonstrate their effective role in the prevention of nephrotoxicity. Likewise, previous studies have suggested that women have low risk of end-stage renal disease at premenopausal period. to antioxidant effects vitamins E and C in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups each including both male and female rats. The first and second groups received saline (control group) and almond oil, the third group received gentamicin. The fourth group received a regular dose of gentamicin + vitamin E. Similarly, the fifth group received a regular dose of gentamicin + vitamin C. The sixth group received a dose of gentamicin + vitamin C and E simultaneously constantly. This protocol continued for 9 days. (MDA), but it decreased superoxidase dismutase (SOD) level (P < 0.05). Treatment with antioxidant vitamins improved urea, creatinine, MDA, and SOD serum level significantly in both genders (P <0.05). Likewise, kidney MDA level enhanced significantly (P <0.05) and treatment with antioxidant vitamins reduced MDA level too (P <0.05). Gentamicin decreased kidney SOD activity in male and female rats (P <0.05). However, treatment with antioxidant vitamins did not improve its level in male rats, while in female rats, vitamins E and C compensated for kidney SOD activity. genders, with some difference in response to vitamins E and C between the genders, that was higher in female rats.