Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Journal of Nephropathology 2251-8363 12 4 2023 09 19 Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated sarcoidosis reaction e21520 e21520 10.34172/jnp.2023.21520 EN Parisa Keshtgar https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6243-8306 Parisa Kaviani https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0911-7507 Payam Peymani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-8590 Neda Kianpour https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-648X Samin Karamian https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7650-2610 Journal Article 10.34172/jnp.2023.21520 2023 07 07 2023 09 11 Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) constitute a class of drugs that stimulate the immune system to fight cancer cells. However, they can also induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in various organs, including the kidneys. One of the infrequent irAEs associated with ICIs is sarcoidosis, an inflammatory disease that can impact multiple organs, such as the lungs, skin, and lymph nodes. Sarcoidosis is characterized by the formation of granulomas, clusters of immune cells that can potentially harm tissues. In some cases, ICIs can trigger kidney sarcoidosis, leading to impaired renal function. The mechanism through which ICIs initiate sarcoidosis is believed to involve activating T cells and cytokines that foster inflammation.