Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Journal of Nephropathology 2251-8363 13 1 2024 01 01 Application of systemic inflammation score for the assessment of contrast-induced acute kidney injury; a review e21525 e21525 10.34172/jnp.2023.21525 EN Sam Mirfendereski https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6153-5696 Mahboobe Taghipour https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3102-6989 Farshad Yadollahi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-6851 Hadi Taghavinejad https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4873-9818 Mahdieh Ahmadnia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4703-9495 Journal Article 10.34172/jnp.2023.21525 2023 08 05 2023 11 07 Contrast-related acute renal failure is a multifactorial condition that involves oxidative stress, inflammation, and direct tubular toxicity. Risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy comprise pre-existing kidney dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, advanced age, congestive heart failure, hypotension, anemia, and volume depletion. Preventive measures include identifying high-risk patients and implementing preventive measures such as adequate hydration, minimizing contrast use, and avoiding using contrast media in patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction. The systemic inflammation score is a promising tool for predicting contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced imaging procedures. Further studies are needed to validate the use of SIS in clinical practice and to better understand the underlying mechanisms of inflammation in (CA-AKI).