Evaluation of leflunomide for the treatment of BK viremia and biopsy proven BK nephropathy; a single center experience

Nicole Nesselhauf ¹ * , Jaclyn Strutt ², Bahar Bastani ³

Cited by CrossRef: 24

1- Ambalathingal G, Francis R, Smyth M, Smith C, Khanna R. BK Polyomavirus: Clinical Aspects, Immune Regulation, and Emerging Therapies. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;30(2):503 [Crossref]

2- Shakeel D. BK Polyomavirus Hemorrhagic Cystitis following Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant with Haploidentical Related Donor: Case Reports from Two Patients. ACP. 2017;2(4) [Crossref]

3- Muehler A, Kohlhof H, Groeppel M, Vitt D. The Selective Oral Immunomodulator Vidofludimus in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Safety Results from the COMPONENT Study. Drugs R D. 2019;19(4):351 [Crossref]

4- Zhong C, Chen J, Yan Z, Xia R, Zeng W, Deng W, Xu J, Wang Y, Miao Y. Therapeutic strategies against BK polyomavirus infection in kidney transplant recipients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplant Immunology. 2023;81:101953 [Crossref]

5- Alamri R, Elmeligy M, Albalawi G, Alquayr S, Alsubhi S, El-Ghaiesh S. Leflunomide an immunomodulator with antineoplastic and antiviral potentials but drug-induced liver injury: A comprehensive review. International Immunopharmacology. 2021;93:107398 [Crossref]

6- Munjal R, Munjal J, Gandhi P, Gupta N. BK Polyomavirus-Induced Nephropathy in Native Kidney. 2023; [Crossref]

7- Salamonowicz-Bodzioch M, Frączkiewicz J, Czyżewski K, Zając-Spychała O, Gorczyńska E, Panasiuk A, Ussowicz M, Kałwak K, Szmit Z, Wróbel G, Kazanowska B, Chybicka A, Ukielska-Hoffmann B, Wendycz-Domalewska D, Wysocki M, Dziedzic M, Wachowiak J, Zaucha-Prażmo A, Kowalczyk J, Goździk J, Styczyński J. Prospective analysis of BKV hemorrhagic cystitis in children and adolescents undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. Ann Hematol. 2021;100(5):1283 [Crossref]

8- Glezerman I, Gutgarts V. Acute Kidney Injury in Cancer Patients. nephsap. 2022;21(1):100 [Crossref]

9- Al Zein S, Price H, Chen G, Kaur G. Native kidney BK nephropathy: A case report. Clinical Case Reports. 2019;7(2):353 [Crossref]

10- Myint T, Chong C, Wyld M, Nankivell B, Kable K, Wong G. Polyoma BK Virus in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Screening, Monitoring, and Management. 2022;106(1):e76 [Crossref]

11- Schmidl D, Hommer N, Kallab M, Schlatter A, Nadvornik C, Obermayr F, Sperl S, Daniels E, Garhöfer G. Safety and Tolerability of KIO-101 Eye Drops in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Ocular Surface Disease—A Phase I Study. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(3):367 [Crossref]

12- Malik O, Saleh S, Suleiman B, Ashqar B, Maibam A, Yaseen M, Elrefaei A, Hines A, Cornea V, El-Husseini A, Mei X, Gedaly R, Castellanos A, Waid T. Prevalence, Risk Factors, Treatment, and Overall Impact of BK Viremia on Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. 2019;51(6):1801 [Crossref]

13- Vanichanan J, Udomkarnjananun S, Avihingsanon Y, Jutivorakool K. Common viral infections in kidney transplant recipients. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2018;37(4):323 [Crossref]

14- Tang Y, Wang Z, Du D. Challenges and opportunities in research on BK virus infection after renal transplantation. International Immunopharmacology. 2024;141:112793 [Crossref]

15- Omić H, Kläger J, Herkner H, Aberle S, Regele H, Weseslindtner L, Schrag T, Bond G, Hohenstein K, Watschinger B, Werzowa J, Strassl R, Eder M, Kikić Ž. Clinical Relevance of Absolute BK Polyoma Viral Load Kinetics in Patients With Biopsy Proven BK Polyomavirus Associated Nephropathy. Front Med. 2022;8 [Crossref]

16- Kaur H, Sarma P, Bhattacharyya A, Sharma S, Chhimpa N, Prajapat M, Prakash A, Kumar S, Singh A, Singh R, Avti P, Thota P, Medhi B. Efficacy and safety of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors “leflunomide” and “teriflunomide” in Covid-19: A narrative review. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2021;906:174233 [Crossref]

17- Aldieri A, Chandran M, Matossian D, Hariprasad A, Magella B, Lazear D, Blanchette E, Benz E, Bock M. Leflunomide as adjunct therapy for BK viremia management in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Pediatric Transplantation. 2024;28(2) [Crossref]

18- Kotton C, Kamar N, Wojciechowski D, Eder M, Hopfer H, Randhawa P, Sester M, Comoli P, Tedesco Silva H, Knoll G, Brennan D, Trofe-Clark J, Pape L, Axelrod D, Kiberd B, Wong G, Hirsch H. The Second International Consensus Guidelines on the Management of BK Polyomavirus in Kidney Transplantation. 2024;108(9):1834 [Crossref]

19- Schneidewind L, Neumann T, Dräger D, Kranz J, Hakenberg O. Leflunomide in the treatment of BK polyomavirus associated nephropathy in kidney transplanted patients – A systematic review. Transplantation Reviews. 2020;34(4):100565 [Crossref]

20- Pan Z, Wan Z, Wang Y, Zha S, Zhang J, Chen H, Hu K. An open-label randomized controlled trial of leflunomide in patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infection. Front Med. 2023;10 [Crossref]

21- Korzec J, Strausbaugh R, Mikolay J, Churchwell M. Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury potentiated by a drug-drug interaction between cyclosporine, leflunomide, and rosuvastatin in a kidney transplant recipient: A missed opportunity for pharmacist involvement. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 2024;64(3):102016 [Crossref]

22- Hainley L, Hughson M, Narendran A, Smith R, Arthur J, Hayner-Buchan A, Conti D, Lehman J, Friedrich T. Chk1 and the Host Cell DNA Damage Response as a Potential Antiviral Target in BK Polyomavirus Infection. Viruses. 2021;13(7):1353 [Crossref]

23- Wu M, Chen Y, Hung L, Lee C, Chen H, Hsu Y, Wu M. Successful Treatment for BK Virus Nephropathy by Leflunomide in a Kidney Transplant Patient: A Case Report. Transplantation Proceedings. 2019;51(5):1472 [Crossref]