Masoud Bitaraf
1 
, Yekta Rahimi
1, Reza Jafari
2 , Fereshteh Aliakbari
3 , Layla Shojaie
1,4 , Fatemeh Saleh
1, Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
5 , Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
1* 1 Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
3 Men’s Health & Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Medicine Division of GI/Liver Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, USA
5 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major threat to world health and safety, making it the primary concern of global community that requires immediate preventive measures. Several organs are affected by this disease simultaneously with possible long-lasting sequelae. Disease pathogenesis is influenced by, the type of virus and its mutation, the number of viruses, individual’s immune system and their age, gender, nutritional status, homeostasis between the immune, nervous and endocrine systems, and also physical condition. All of these factors play a role in the onset, duration, severity, and recurrence of the disease. Since the exact mechanism of infection with this virus is not fully understood, in this study we aimed to investigate its effects on the reproductive system in male and female as well as pregnancy outcome.
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:
It is raising an urgent question of the presence of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the reproductive tract that may result in infertility and may have implications for sexual transmission, miscarriage, embryonic infection, mother-to-child transmission and congenital diseases.
Please cite this paper as: Bitaraf M, Rahimi Y, Jafari R, Aliakbari F, Shojaie L, Saleh F, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Majidi Zolbin M. COVID-19 clinical manifestations on different gender reproductive system. J Nephropathol. 2024;13(2):e17326. DOI: 10.34172/jnp.2022.17326.