Amirhossein Parsaei
1 
, Soroush Moradi
1, Hanie Karimi
2, Abdolkarim Haji Ghadery
2, Behnam Amini
2, Anahita Najafi
2, Mahnaz Momenzadeh
3* , Leila Mostafavi
4 , Jyoti Baharani
5 1 Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
3 Nickan Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
4 Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
5 University Hospitals Birmingham B95SS, United Kingdom
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the second prevalent organ damage among COVID-19 infected individuals, which mainly affects those with critical diseases or underlying kidney disorders. Emerging data have suggested that AKI is associated with adverse outcomes, severe COVID-19 disease, and high mortality. However, the true nature and pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated kidney injury, and its effect on patients with underlying kidney diseases and transplant recipients, still remains controversial. Accordingly, this review study aimed primarily to describe the history of AKI in COVID-19 infected patients and to achieve a robust understanding of the latest findings on the mechanism of the injury. Secondly, this systematic and precise review of the literature concerning the aspects of AKI in infected patients with chronic kidney disease and transplant recipients provided a comprehensive report of mortality in these individuals. Finally, the present research suggested the possible protective measures that physicians can take to prevent, control, and treat this condition. Our study paves the way for future works with a more robust methodology to better understand COVID-19-related kidney injury
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:
Direct viral injury of the kidney is a unique feature in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related acute kidney injury.
Please cite this paper as: Parsaei A, Moradi S, Karimi H, Haji Ghadery A, Amini B, Najafi A, Momenzadeh M, Mostafavi L, Baharani J. A review of pathophysiology, mortality, risk factors and protective measures of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients with underlying kidney disease and kidney transplant recipients. J Nephropathol. 2022;11(4):e18392. DOI: 10.34172/jnp.2022.18392.